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| | Within the first 48 hours that Pope Benedict's email was operational, the Pontiff received a total of 56,191 messages. Of the emails received thus far, most were written in English - a total of 30,844. Next on the list were those emails written in Italian at 12,621. There were 6,024 messages in Spanish. In Pope Benedict's native tongue of German there were 2,961 email messages. 2,186 emails were in Portuguese and 1,455 were in French.
Email facts:
The servers of mailing systems act as relays for its users (users send mail not to the server of the addressee but to “his own” server, which transfers the mails further). In many networks of internet providers, the possibility to send the mail under the protocol SMTP beyond the limits of network is closed (due to the use of this possibility by Trojans and viruses). In this case, the provider gives its SMTP-server, through which all mails are mailed beyond the boundaries of network. In this case, the open relay is such a relay, which does not check whether the “user” is its or not (checks can be done in both ways: on the basis of the user’s address of the user and also on the basis of identification through password/certification).
Mail structure:
E-mail consists of the following components:
* The headings of the SMTP-protocol, received by server. These headings can be included and also cannot be included in the body of the mail in the future, so a situation may arise in the future when a server has a huge amount of information regarding the mail than the contents of mail (so, for example, the field RCPT TO specifies the addressee of mail, in this case, the addressee may not be specified in the mail). This information is transferred beyond the limits of the server only within the frameworks of the protocol SMTP, and changes of protocol during delivery of mails (for example, on the unit of the addressee during internal routing) can lead to loss of information;
* Mail headings: Service information and notes about mail servers, through which the mail has passed, priority notes, address and the name of the addressee and sender, subject and other information is mentioned in the letter;
* Body of the mail: The text of the mail is present in the body of the mail. According to standards, only ASCII symbols can be present in the body. Therefore, while using national coding, various forms of presenting information (HTML, RTF and binary files), the text of the mail is coded under the standard MIME and cannot be read by a person without use of a decoder or a mail client.
TODO: the use of heading for the “logging" of mail transfers, the detailed information about fields (FROM, TO, CC, BCC, X - etc.).
Standards for mail messages:
TODO: mime, html, coding and others.
Mailing:
TODO: The mailing concept, difference between delivery and the mail list (think about adequate translations), competent and illiterate organization of mail lists (reference to a case with 500 000 letters of fraud somewhere on the Internet), used software, processing of lists on servers, the border between delivery and spam.
The mailing system allows in organizing difficult systems, based on the transfer of mail from one subscriber to many subscribers, i.e.:
* Mailing - a letter from one address with identical (or varying as per template) contents, dispatched to mailing subscribers. Can be technically organized as dispatching a set of letters (used in the case of mail spooling) or as a dispatch of a letter with multiple receivers (in the fields TO, CC, BCC). Specialized programs (for example, mailman) are used for managing large mail dispatches (more than 10-50 subscribers). The correctly organized mail dispatch should monitor the returning of letters (messages about non-delivery of a letter) with an exception of inaccessible addressees from the mailing list to allow subscribers to unsubscribe from mailing lists. Unwanted mails are called “spam” and essentially complicate the functioning of mailing systems;
* Group correspondence - a specialized mailing type, in which the mail on a group address (regular mailing address, processing of mail is done by specialized program) is mailed to all group members. It is the analog of news conferences and echo conferences. Correctly adjusted mailing should monitor cycles (two mailing robots, signed for each other are capable of creating infinite cycles of mailing letters), limit the members of mailing list, having right to storing messages and to fulfill other mailing requirements.
Commercial use:
TODO:
1) The availability of commercial and ad-based mail servers 2) The use of mail in businesses 3) The use of mail for functioning commercial software such as Collaboration work 3) SPAM 4) Electronic Digital Signatures in letters.
E-mail servers with more than 10 million accounts:
* Gmail;
* Hotmail;
* Yahoo mail
Protocols for transferring e-mails:
* IMAP;
* POP3;
* SMTP;
* UUCP
Popular programs for working with E-mail:
* Eudora Mail;
* Evolution;
* KMail;
* Mozilla Mail;
* Mozilla Thunderbird;
* Netscape Mail;
* Novell GroupWise;
* Opera Mail (M2);
* Outlook;
* Outlook Express;
* TheBat! |
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