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| | Pizza is an Italian national dish in the form of round open pie, covered with tomatoes and melted cheese (as a rule, mozzarella) with (depending on recipe and taste) various toppings (meat, ham, salami, seafood, vegetables, fruits, mushrooms, vegetables etc.).
Classical dough for pizza is made from special flour (mixture of flour and durum flour), yeast, sugar, salt and water. Dough is mixed manually and after fermentation, thin layer (as a rule, up to 0.5 centimeter thickness) is rolled. Dough is covered with tomato sauce. After this, practically any type of toppings can be possible. Classical pizza is baked in special wood-burning oven very quickly at a very high temperature (in usual conditions — in preliminary heated oven up to 200 °C for approximately 10 minutes).
Toppings vary depending on the recipe. Neapolitan pizza is very thin and is baked at very high temperatures (approximately 500°C) just for two minutes. It can be eaten without using cutlery by preliminarily rolling it up a libro (“as the book”).
Calzone (“Envelope with topping”) is one of many varieties of pizza, which is folded into half and baked in the same shape. Ricotta, ham, mushrooms, mozzarella, parmesan and oregano are traditional toppings. Originally, calzone was not baked in oven/stove but prepared in oil in a frying pan.
“American” variety of pizza with thick dough layer and liberally topped with cheese is also popular. In USA, similar type of pizza is called “Chicago style”, deep dish or Sicilian. This pizza became popular in Europe mainly due to the chain of pizzerias “Pizza Hut”. In America, "European" variety of pizza with thin dough layer is called “Manhattan style” or “New York style”.
Pizza prototypes existed even during ancient Greeks and Romans. In connection with importing of tomatoes to Europe, prototype of Italian Pizza appeared in Naples in 1522. In XVII century, special people (“pizzaioli”) appeared who prepared pizzas for the Italian peasants.
Pizzas were adored by Maria Carolina Lorena, wife of King of Naples Ferdinand IV (1752—1814) and later — Italian king Umberto I and his wife Margherita Teresa, Princess of Savoy. One of the pizza recipes is named in the honor of Margherita Teresa. Pizza reached US in the second half of XIX century and apparently, it appeared in Chicago for the first time. Prepared pizzas appeared in 1957.
Pizza is widespread mainly in the USA and Europe, where pizzerias have appeared, majority of which offer free delivery at the specified address. |
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