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| | Gender came from Latin word "genus": Behavior of a person in the society
and gender as social sex determines how the person is perceived in the
society. This is the role behavior, which determines the relationship
with other persons: Friends, colleagues in office, classmates in study
places, parents, casual passers etc.
In psychology and sexology, the concept "gender" is used in a more
wider sense, implied any psychological or behavioral properties,
associating with masculinity and femininity and presumably
distinguishing men from women (earlier they were called sexual
properties or differences).
The word "gender" was adopted from grammar and was also introduced
into behavioral sciences by sexologist John Money whom in 1955 while
studying inter sexuality and transsexuality needed to differentiate, so
to speak, general sex properties, sex as phenotype from
sexual-genital, sexual erotic and sexual-procreative qualities. Later
on, it was widely used by sociologists, lawyers and American
feminists. In any case, it always was and would remain multi-valued.
In social sciences and especially in feminism "gender" obtained a
narrower sense, designating " social sex ", that is socially
determined roles, identity and scope of activity of men and women,
depending not from biological sexual distinctions but from social
organization of society. Social inequality of men and women occupies
main point of discussion in gender studies.
Word "Gender" in English language designates distinguishable
masculinity or femininity of a person, certain characteristics or of
inhuman. Dividing into male and female is similar to division into
male & female sex in biology.
In countries, where documentary evidence of identity is developed,
social sex usually matches with the sex, indicated in the documents,
i.e. with sex in a passport excluding the transgender cases.
In a wider sense, gender (social sex) does not always necessarily
should match with biological sex of an individual, with his or her
upbringing sex or with his/her sex indicated in passport.
Usually in a society it is possible to distinguish two genders - male
and female. However, set of genders is much wider; communities with
four or more genders exist. Social floor of witches, for example, do
not match with social sex of usual females and according to social
role, was closer to male social sex.
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A number of studies of the recent years has shown that when it comes to love, the old rule "opposites attract" may not be so true. Close examination of faces of thousands of couples has shown many similarities and 
