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| | In the beginning of history, barter system could not be sufficient for people and they started to search for universal means of payment, for equivalent of which it would be possible to “count” all goods and services. It is known that during various historical epochs and in different countries, metal ingots, bowls, feathers, cocoa beans, cattle etc served as money. Ancient American-Indian analogs of money – wampum, remained in USA even in XVIII century. These were special necklaces, “coded” quantity, in size and color of elements of receipt about who owes how much tobacco, animal skins and other goods to whom.
Historians assert that the first prototypes of coins appeared in China and in ancient Lydian kingdom in VII century BC. And in V century BC, money was officially introduced –pioneer of this payment means was Persian king Darius I , who cancelled barter mode of payment in his state and introduced uniform metal coins from electron (alloy of gold & silver). Rock carvings, which remained in good condition, in runs of ancient city of Persepolisa (modern Iran) have revealed about this to historians.
And, China started to mint iron coins. Before this, money was made only from precious metals and their cost, actually, was equal to the cost of material, from which they have been made. China has come up with “face value” concept and started releasing money, which is much cheaper in manufacturing than their declared price.
Banknotes (paper denominations) also appeared for the first time in China. Appearance of paper denominations took place in VIII century AD. At first, money represented manually written receipts and later on, government started to manufacture them in unified form. Paper money made huge impression on the travellers visiting China in VII – VIII centuries and Marco Polo, researcher and eminent personality of medieval history, even wrote about them.
In 1993, scientists have made revolution in financial sphere without even wishing to do so. Thanks to computer technologies, so called “Digital money” or “DigiCash” was created. “Digicash” or “Digital money” was based on “smart card” technology, i.e. plastic cards with computer chip, which contains information about the amount, available in the account. These are plastic cards, which are popular and widely used today all over the world. Smart cards are much more convenient and are compact, than cash and moreover, smart cards are protected by personal code, that makes stealing of them much more difficult than stealing of regular money.
But then, “Electronization” of money has gone further. In 1998, programmers in USA have created first PayPal system, which allowed the computer users to send money to each other by e-mail. And approximately during the same time, system PhonePaid was developed in Europe, which allows to do transactions through mobile phones. But, even these were hybrid systems of electronic payments, for which numbers and information of real plastic cards were still required. And later on, many systems “Internet money” was created, which had their “Internet wallets” and a number of ways were created to translate real money into “Internet money” and on vice versa, to translate “Internet money” into real life: Clickshare, E-gold, Internet Cash, NetCheque, MoneyBookers.
People of different ages and professions acquire pet animals.
For someone, it brings pleasure in nature’s cognition and others look for friends in wards, who require love and care and pets, in turn, respond by growing attachment towards human being.
Many fans find satisfaction in domestication of animals, victory of kindness and patience over their natural wildness, achieving training and obedience.
Person by maintaining any pet in flat conditions takes up huge responsibility, demanding strength and time, additional expenditure and main thing - special knowledge. It is good to acquire pets if sufficient attention can be provided towards the pets. It is necessary to know much about the animals: behavioral peculiarities, manners. One of them can appear too delicate, demanding care and others – noisy and bulky.
It is not casual that out of hundreds of kinds, only few live in apartments.
Now, the most important advice
Before acquiring a puppy, kitten or any other pet, seriously weigh the possibilities and desire to have a pet at home. Quite often, decision to procure a pet is taken without considering about care and maintenance. And, as a result, soon after appearance of dog, kitten or small fishes in the house, it is found out that necessary conditions for maintaining the pets are not adequate, no one to look after them and they do not become friends but a burden. Especially, often it happens in families, where pets were brought into house not due to love for them but in pursuit of fashion or for the sake of satisfying the whims of child. It is good, if such mistakes are addressed to in time. |
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