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| | Militia (From Latin: militia – “army” or name of people’s volunteer corps) - earlier in USSR & other socialist countries, now in Russian Federation, Belarus, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Abkhazia, and South Ossetia - is a state body system, belonging to executive department of power. It is formed to protect the lives, health, rights of citizens, interests of society and State. In modern Russia, militia is a part of Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russian Federation. Tasks of this set-up are regulated by Constitution of Russian Federation, laws of “Militia”, other federal laws & international agreements.
Functions of militia:
The following functions of militia are mentioned in the “militia Laws”: preserving the safety of person, prevention & suppression of crimes & administrative offenses, detection & solving of crimes, safe-guarding public order & maintenance of public security, protection of private, state, municipal and other forms of ownership, rendering assistance to individual and legal bodies in protection of their rights & legitimate interests.
Activity of militia is built according to principles of respect of rights & freedom of person and citizen, legality, humanism & publicity. militia is prohibited to resort to tortures, violence, other severe or humiliating human advantage while handling; use of weapon, physical strength & special means is allowed only in special cases, specified in the legislation. It is also mentioned in “militia Laws” about equal human rights irrespective of gender, race, nationality, language, origin, status & official capacity, residence, belonging to religion, belief, belonging to public associations & also other circumstances.
Internal organization:
Militia is divided into public security & criminal militia departments. Differences between the two departments conclude in functions, management & financing: work force for the first department is determined as per agreement with the public authorities of Russian Federation & work force for the second department is determined by the Government of Russian Federation.
The following are the main functions of public security militia: Ensuring safety of individual, public safety, safety of property & public order, detection, prevention & suppression of crimes & administrative offenses, solving of some types of crimes & search of persons. militia department renders assistance to criminal militia department.
The following departments fall under the structure of public security militia: Inquiry, district militia, on affairs of minors, militia department for combating offenses in the sphere of consumer market, execution of administrative legislation, patrol–guard service, private security bodies, special designation militia department & state traffic safety inspection (STSI).
Tasks of criminal militia department are prevention, suppression and solving of generally heinous & especially grave crimes, search of persons, absconding from inquiry department, investigation & justice & search of missing persons. Criminal militia department combats against organized crimes.
Public security & criminal militia departments are inquiry bodies. Separate militia divisions for protection of especially important & secured objects, closed administrative-territorial foundations, on rail, water and air transport can exist in both the categories of militia departments.
Municipal militia:
Local issues, which should be resolved at municipal level, are defined in the article 15 of Federal law “General principles for organizing local government in Russian Federation”. Organization of medical & education facilities in the territory of region, ensuring communication facilities to the public, organizing archives, libraries, realization of functions of trusteeship & guardianship belong, in the first place, to local issues. Development & maintaining the motor roads in the territory of region, transport service, organization of recycling & treatment of household & industrial wastes are part of competency of municipal regions. Municipal area is responsible for the organization of protection of public order by municipal militia in territory of municipal area.
Equipment:
“Volga” & “Zhiguli” make cars are traditionally used for militia purposes. In the late eighties, attempts were made to use the “Moskvich” make cars for militia purposes, but these cars did not find widespread use.
militia cars in rural areas are UAZ, so-called “Goats” (UAZ-469) & “loaf” (UAZ-452) due to their good cross-country capability & non-squeamishness.
militia staff has the right to use special means & fire-arms in accordance with article 14-15 of law of Russian Federation “militia”. Handcuffs, rubber sticks, coloring agents etc can come under special means.
Makarov-make pistols (PM), various types of automatic guns such as Kalashnikov (AK-74, AK-74M, АКS-74U) and also machine guns of “Cedar” make form the armament of militia departments.
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