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| | Economic factors for the development of tourism:
After the industrial era, in which the main focus was on materialistic prosperity, came the post industrial era, where experiences and sensations were given more importance. The development of transport, communication, growing mobility, urbanization, reduction in working hours, and growth of public wealth became important factors influencing the development of tourism.
In these conditions the socio-economic positions of tourism quickly became stronger. Its share in the world trade in services is more than 30%. In the world market the tourism product leads at the same level of oil. The annual growth of investments in the tourism industry is about 35%. Tourism became one of the most profitable types of business and today uses 7% of the world capital. Revenue of international tourism in 1995 was estimated to be 373 billion dollars. At the same time 567 million international tours were conducted. Tourism provides work to 137 million people.
The fast growth in financial and economic positions of the tourist trade has led to a situation where in many countries of the world, tourism became an essential factor for regional development. Bodies of territorial administration of various hierarchical levels, from counties and regions to the federal authorities, take care about the development of tourism and regions having valuable recreational resources. Tourism is considered as the catalyst for regional economy, allowing the involvement not only of all the sets of recreational resources, but also in the most effective way use the cumulative industrial and socio-cultural potential of the territory while preserving the ecological and cultural heritage.
Therefore, the authorities initiate the working out of strategy for tourism activity, together with business - the working out of the tourism infrastructure, the creation of national parks and recreational zones, attraction of investments and the growth of a number of tours to the region.
According to the data of the World tourism organization in 2005, the number of only international tourism visits was 808 million (in 2004 - 766 million). There were 444 million arrivals to Europe, to the countries of Asia-Pacific region - 156 million, to the Northern and southern Americas - 133 million, to other regions - 75 million
The tourism product has finally grown into an economic category only in the conditions of mass tourism. The intensity of tourism is the parameter which shows, what part of the population of a country (in percentage) annually makes at least one tour. When the intensity of tourism is above 50%, it can be said that in the given country tourism has a mass character. The tourism balance of the country is a relation between the cost of goods and services sold to the foreigners in the given country, and the cost of goods and services sold to the citizens of that country in foreign. If the tourism balance is positive for the economy of the country tourism is active (Thailand, Switzerland), if negative - passive (Germany, Russia).
From the economic point of view, the attraction of tourism as a component of services is in the faster cost recovery of the investments and getting profits in hard currency. Tourism business stimulates the development of other branches of the economy: construction, trade, agriculture, manufacturing of consumer goods, communication etc.
This business involves the businessmen because of many reasons: small initial investments, growing demand for tourism services, and high level of profitability and minimum recovery period of the investments. In the tourism industry, the dynamics of growth in the range of services leads to the increase in the number of job vacancies much faster than in other trades. The time interval between the growth in demand for tourism services and the creation of new jobs in the tourism business is at a minimum.
Tourism besides huge economic significance plays a major role in the expansion of the borders of mutual understanding and trust between the people of different religions and cultures. Its activity is not limited only to trade in the goods and services and search of new trading partners. It goes also on to establish mutual relations between the citizens of different countries for the preservation and prosperity of world.
The problem of the development of tourism requires the solution of a number of accompanying problems, for example development of a transport system, development of a system of public catering, improvement of image and the development of information infrastructure.
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