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| | Gramophone is an instrument for recording and reproduction of a man speech and singing from a gramophone recorder.
Gramophone – this is a modification invented in 1877 year by Edison Phonograph, first made by E. Berliner also in the year 1877. In distinction from the phonograph in place of the cylinders for recording and playback of sounds ebonite (hard rubber) discs were used. The gramophone needle attached to the vibrating, perceiving the sounds of the disc, applies on the disc corresponding spiral lines and depths. During the rotation of the disc by means of clockwork mechanism the needle moves in according to the spirals of the disc and causes corresponding oscillations to the vibrating disc: The whole system of sounds recorded are reproduced with perfectness.
In the years 1940-1960 improvement of gramophone allowed to reach enough clarity in delivering the musical sounds of the theatre, as vocals, such as instrumentals. The preparation of gramophones became into a powerful individual filed in the Western Europe. Gramophone and then record player and electric phonogram rose as musical instruments, like the other mechanical instruments. Manufacturing of plates (discs) of different repertories (the stage plays of musical wizard performances and giving singers) divided into a separate industrial filed.
It presents itself as a disc made of synthetic materials (firstly from the shellac), where on every surface the groove (path) is stamped. Irregularity in these grooves represents the sound oscillations, played back with the help of the apparatus which is developed for this purpose. Formally the word “phonorecord” and “disc recording” are concise from the word “gramophone disc” and “gramophone record”, but as far as no body is using gramophone for long time, these abbreviated terms kept presenting as independent ones.
During the course of XX century the gramophone disc was the most important audio mediums. Its main benefit was massive easy duplication by means of stamping, besides that gramophone discs are not subject to the effect of electric and magnetic fields.
In the end of XX century release of the gramophone discs decreased to a large extent. They stood as a rare, with the further displaced compact discs and audio cassettes, however their production continues for the audiophiles, collectors and the DJs.
They are made of an organic compound Polyvinylchloride (“Vinyl”). The great design of the gramophone plate was considered as a wax mould – the recording material of phonograph of the Thomas Alva Edison.
Later the gramophones and electrophones gave their place to the tape-recorders and the players of the compact discs. |
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