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| | Evolution (from Latin evolutio — «development») is a natural process of qualitative transformation of any system in universe. There are cosmological, astrophysical, geological, chemical, biological and social evolutions. Per se, these differences are series of sequential stages of progress of material world from big bang till formation of human being on earth and growth of modern human civilization.
Cultural and language evolutions also exist.
Evolution study arose in antique philosophy systems, ideas of which themselves were rooted in cosmological myths. Publication of book “Origin of kinds by natural selection or conservation of most favored races in fight for survival” by Charles Darwin has become impact for accepting the evolution by scientific society. Synthesis of Darwinism with growth of genetics resulted in creation of synthetic theory of evolution. Third synthesis is outlined during our time.
As realistic follower of gradualism, Darwin become concerned about the absence of transient forms, which may be the reason for crash of his theory and related this shortfall to incomplete geological chronicle. Darwin also concerned about the idea about «dissolution» of reopened attribute in the series of generations, during subsequent crossing with common unchanged specimens. He wrote that, this objection, along with breaks in geological chronicles, one of the most serious for his theory.
Darwin and his contemporaries did not know that in 1865 Austria-Check naturalist Abbot Gregory Mendel (1822-1884) opened laws of heredity as per which heredity attribute does not «dissolve» in series of generations, but transforms (in case of recessiveness) in to heterozygote state and may be multiplied in population medium.
Following scientists were supporting Darwin's theory of evolution: American botanic Azagrei (1810-1888); Alfred wells, Thomas Genri Hexli (Hexli; 1825-1895) – in England; classic of relative anatomy Carl Gegenbaur (1826-1903), Earnest Gekkel (1834-1919), zoologist Frits Muller (1821-1897) – in Germany. Even highly distinguished scientists start criticizing the ideas of Darwin: teacher of Darwin, Geology professor Adam Sejwik (1785-1873), well known paleontologist Richard Owen, big zoologist, paleontologist and geologist Lui Agassis (1807-1873), Germen professor Henri George Bronn (1800-1862).
One of the symbols of evolutionism: schematic placed on frontispiece to the work of Thomas Haksli Man’s place in Nature (1863), which demonstrates the similarity of cells of anthropoid monkeys and human being.
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This Monday, the scientific world celebrated Evolution Day, which takes place every year on November 24th. This date is the anniversary of the first publication of "The Origin of Species" by Charles Darwin. In his book Darwin laid the main principle of evolution - called "natural selection" - which is used in science nowadays.
