| Evolution (from the Latin evolutio — development) is a natural process of the qualitative transformation of any system in the universe. There are cosmological, astrophysical, geological, chemical, biological and social evolutions. Per se, these differences are a series of sequential stages of the progress of the material world from the big bang till the formation of human beings on earth and the growth of modern human civilization.
Cultural and language evolutions also exist.
The evolution study arose in antique philosophy systems, the ideas of which were rooted in cosmological myths. The publication of the book “The Origin of the Species” by Charles Darwin has become an impact for accepting the evolution by the scientific society. The synthesis of Darwinism with the growth of genetics resulted in the creation of the synthetic theory of evolution. The third synthesis is outlined during our time.
As a realistic follower of gradualism, Darwin became concerned about the absence of transient forms, which may be the reason for the crash of his theory and related this shortfall to incomplete geological chronicles. Darwin also was concerned about the idea of dissolution the reopened attributes in the series of generations, during subsequent crossing with common unchanged specimens. He wrote that, this objection, along with breaks in geological chronicles is one of the most serious for his theory.
Darwin and his contemporaries did not know that in 1865 the Austrian-Check naturalist Abbot Gregory Mendel (1822-1884) opened laws of heredity as per which heredity attributes do not dissolve in a series of generations, but transform (in the case of recessiveness) into a heterozygote state and may be multiplied in the population medium.
The following scientists were supporting Darwin's theory of evolution: American botanic Azagrei (1810-1888); Alfred wells, Thomas Genri Hexli (Hexli; 1825-1895) – in England; classic of relative anatomy Carl Gegenbaur (1826-1903), Earnest Gekkel (1834-1919), zoologist Frits Muller (1821-1897) – in Germany. Even highly distinguished scientists start criticizing the ideas of Darwin: the teacher of Darwin, Geology professor Adam Sejwik (1785-1873), well known paleontologist Richard Owen, big zoologist, paleontologist and geologist Lui Agassis (1807-1873), Germen professor Henri George Bronn (1800-1862).
One of the symbols of evolutionism: the schematic placed on the frontispiece to the work of Thomas Haksli Man’s place in Nature (1863), which demonstrates the similarity of cells of anthropoid monkeys and human beings.
The relation of Darwin's theory of anthropogenesis was always ambiguous. In particular, doubt about the author has generated this daring idea: names of many eminent scientists starting with Aristotle and others were associated with him - like Kant and Diderot, Helvetius and Lamarck, Darwarian scientists Haeckel and Huxley mentioned in their works about the imminent relationship of man and highly developed monkey. Significant strides, regarding the contemporary concept of the human-making process, in the field of anthropogenesis theory were made by these luminaries in science. Convincing and subsequent simian anthropogenesis theory of J.B. Lamarck was particularly close to creation. These arguments and similar doubts belong to any major discoveries of mankind, and yet almost every such discovery is naturally associated with any one of the scientists, whose name was destined to remain for centuries. With regard to the attribution of the simian theory of anthropogenesis, the name is undoubtedly - Charles Darwin. |
This Monday, the scientific world celebrated Evolution Day, which takes place every year on November 24th. This date is the anniversary of the first publication of "The Origin of Species" by Charles Darwin. In his book Darwin laid the main principle of evolution - called "natural selection" - which is used in science nowadays.
