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| | Diplopia, commonly known as double vision, is the simultaneous perception of two images of a single object. Usually, diplopia is connected with constraints on movements of one eye; hence two eyes simultaneously cannot see the same object. This may be related to defects in nerves or muscles which control movements of eye or mechanical restriction on movements of eyeball in fovea. Double vision, not ceasing when an eye is closed may be linked with the beginning of cataract.
More often diplopia happens when weakness (paresis) of paralysis of one of the oculomotor muscles occurs, or when concurrent actions of eyeballs fail due to which projected picture falls on non-corresponding (aligned at different distances from yellow spot) points of retina of both eyes.
Features of diplopia
Binocular vision always fails in diplopia. Diplopia subsides when one eye is closed. Rarely (for instance, after trauma, when divulsion of iris root occurs and as if two pupils take shape, or in subluxation of crystalline lens) happens is monocular vision – one and the same object gives two pictures in one eye. When the other eye is closed double vision does not cease.
Diplopia studies mean a lot for determining paralysis of oculomotor muscles occurring often in several common diseases (cephalitis, brain hemorrhage and etc.).
Diplopia may occur due to failures in central parts of visual tract and failures in muscle balance due to weakness functions of affected eye muscles, which causes deviations and absence of mobility of eye to the one or other side. Deviation of eye causes projection of object’s picture, examined by both eyes, into non-identical (disparate) parts of retina. Causes of double vision are paralysis, or paresis of oculomotor muscles (often n. Oculomotorius and muscles in result of injuries to eye-pits and skull, essentially its bottom, phlogistic infectional diseases and also botulism.).
Diplopia-symptoms
Patient complains of doubling of things. Feature of doubling depends upon distribution of process: when straight muscles are affected parallel doubling is observed, when loxotic muscles are affected, things when doubled may be “aligned” one on the other, when in paralytic strabismus doubling appears towards the direction of gaze, to the affected muscle’s side.
Deviation of eyeball the one or other side is objectively defined: when in paralytic strabismus, movement of eyeball to the side of affected muscle is absent or limited. In inflectional diseases, meningitis, brain vascular diseases, allantiasis - symptoms of the respected diseases are observed.
Diplopia – emergency hospital care is defined by the nature of main disease.
Trauma of skull – urgent hospitalization in neurosurgery or traumatology department.
Phlogotic infectional diseases and allantiasis - contagious isolation ward. In emergency cases hospitalization s recommended in accordance with the course of main disease and general condition of the patient. |
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