| A door is an element of structure for providing access or, on the contrary, restricting the penetration into a closed space. Houses and automobile doors are the most popular. More often, a “Door” is understood as an opening in a wall for movement in a building. In West European civilization, the door is perceived as the synonym of the concepts “entrance” and “exit”. Doors remain as a network – forming elements of many specific spaces, familiar to everyone (like compartments in a railway carriage, the section for passengers, closed by a door).
Composition:
A door consists of:
* Door frame;
* Valve;
* Door handle;
* Door hinges
Classification:
Doors as a wing are distinguished according to the manufacturing material. These are iron, wooden, glass, plastic, aluminium doors and etc. According to location, these are entrances, interiors, corridors, temples, kitchens, etc. According to the design features, the doors are single wing, pendular etc. According to their application, the doors are emergency, fire proof, escape, confidential etc.
Doors are divided into:
* Internal or interior (dividing the rooms and entrance in apartments);
* For sanitary facilities;
* Exterior (Entrances into buildings);
* Vestibule and special (for example, emergency exits, sound-proof doors)
Interior doors can be inter-room, kitchen, for bathrooms, auxiliary (for closets, built-in cabinets etc.), for exit onto a balcony.
Design-wise, the doors are:
* Frame;
* Panel framed;
* Veneered with solid or fine-hollow filling;
* With threshold or without it ;
* With baffler or without it;
* With fanlight or without it;
* French;
* Blind;
* Arched;
* Radius
According to the number of panels, doors are:
* Single-panel;
* Double-panel;
* One & half Panel
According to the direction and methods of opening, doors are divided into:
* Single-swing Framed (right & left);
* Double-swing door;
* Folding doors;
* Rolling (clam-type);
* Collapsible;
* Roll-up door
Right hand doors open anti-clock wise, left hand — clockwise (if viewed from the top).
Doors can have:
* Increased moisture-resistance, manufactured for premises with a humidity of more than 60% (exterior and vestibule doors);
* Doors of normal moisture-resistance made for premises with humidity up to 60 % (interior doors).
Depending on the surface finishing types, doors can be:
* With an opaque finish coat (using paints, enamels, decorative plastics or films);
* With a transparent coat (using varnishes).
In connection with safety issues, a lot of attention is paid to doorways. It is necessary to take shelter, particularly, in doorways, during earthquakes and other natural calamities, causing partial destruction of the building. The fact is that the load-bearing elements of doorways are capable of withstanding the weight of caving-down loads during deformation of the roof.
Perspectives:
In modern technologies, special attention is given to the functional capabilities of doorways from a view point of the air curtain’s qualitative and quantitative parameters. Various technical novelties help to supervise, direct and change an air stream, moving through doorways. In mega polis conditions, it is done with the help of a local forced ventilation system, which either prevents the access of outer (cold or hot, dry or moist) air into the premises or clears the polluted air. The available designs gain special urgency in connection with the erection plans in Antarctica and on Solar system planets with populous residential complexes.
Artistic image:
Doors are part of the furniture. A set of folk-tales is connected with doors. From an aesthetic position, doors with the use of colored stained-glass windows are most attractive.
Door is a classical archetype. In traditional science-fiction literature, a door is a universal teleportation channel. At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, the image of doors received new value in the light of the computerization of society and the development of cyberpunk as a digital output into virtual space. In the cult film “The Matrix”, the main character repeatedly appears before doors, that symbolizes the situation of vital choice (the door in the apartment of the Oracle etc.). Throughout the film (Matrix Reloaded), the protagonist along with his steward, played by actor Randall Duk Kim, search for an exit from the labyrinth of doors where help can be rendered by a correctly selected key. In a modern day context, the image and description of a closed door has mainly negative understandings and interpretations. Also, the story by fiction writer H.G Wells — “The Door in the Wall” is very popular. According to the short story, the wonderful world, the personal paradise of the boy was situated behind this green door in a white wall.
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