| Communism (From Latin “communis” meaning “Common”) According to the theory of Marxism – Leninism: 1. replacing capitalism by socio-economic structure, which is free from class exploitation and based on public ownership of property of means of production. 2. Second, top priority of this structure: class free society, principle of which is- “from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs”. 3. Teach about the structure of such society.
In political science: political regime or political system, based on political monopoly of Marx - Lenin type of party.
Primitive communism:
According to Engels, most early human societies, which existed before the appearance of classes, can be called “Primitive communism”. Engels, however, considers that the developed communism can be possible only after slave-owning system, feudalism, capitalism and socialism.
Utopian communism:
Work “Utopia” (1516) of Thomas More can serve as a classical expression of this type of communism. Idyllic picture of primitive communism adverse to feudalism is portrayed in the “Utopia”. By 1700, new and more developed versions of Utopian communism, represented by ideas of Saint-Simon, Fourier and Robert Owen were formed.
War communism:
Economic practice in Russia during civil war on the territory, controlled by Bolsheviks, which is characterized by forced redistribution of benefits in economic chaos conditions. Measures such as limitations on free trade and other similar measures, taken by Bolsheviks during war communism, were adopted in one way or the other levels by all the countries, participating in World War I, facing destruction of systems for ensuring vital activities and provisions for troops as a result of unrestricted speculation. “Forced redistribution of benefits” with respect to provision of bread to troops per se has reached surplus appropriation system.
Euro-communism:
Conventional political name adopted by Western Europe’s communist parties, criticizing the lack political freedom and detachment of parties and government in countries, adopting soviet model of socialism. Russian followers of Euro-communism or non-authoritarian communism are often mistakenly called “Trotskyists” inspite of authoritarianism of Trotsky himself and absence of non-authoritarian traces of left-wing preferences particularly in ideology of Trotskyist branch of Marxism.
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November 7 is the 90th anniversary of the Russian revolution, when
Russian communist party took over the power and unilaterally ruled
Russia and Soviet Union for over 70 years. Before the collapse of
Soviet Union in 1991, Russia was the most active and strongest
communist power, supporting the socialist and communist movements in
the countries of Eastern Europe, and all over the world. When Vladimir
Lenin planned the Russian revolution in 1917, he expected that the
Russian revolution will spark the revolutions all over the world,
gradually leading to communist regimes in most countries.
