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| | Coffee — Beverage (usually hot), made from roasted seeds, commonly called beans, of coffee plant. Due to the caffeine content, coffee renders stimulating effect.
Term “Coffee” originated from “Caffa” – region in southwest of Ethiopia, where, according to one of legends, restorative properties of this plant were found for the first time.
Today, coffee, without exaggeration, can be called the most popular beverage in the world. On an average, humans consume more than four hundred billion cups of coffee annually. Coffee stands second in popularity and prevalence list of goods after oil. In fact, coffee is not simply a drink but a beverage which has enigmatic flavor that brings genuine pleasure. Arabian merchants believed that those who drink coffee will go to heaven.
The two main cultivated botanical species of the coffee plants (& consequently seeds obtained from these plants): Arabica & robusta. About three-fourths of coffee cultivated worldwide is "Arabica". Majority of Arabica is cultivated at a height of 600 to 2000 m above sea level. As a rule, fine beans have mostly oblong shape, smooth surface, slightly bent line in the form of letter “S”, in which, un-roasted particles of coffee berries usually remain after gentle roasting. Robusta is fast-growing and less susceptible to diseases than Arabica and can be cultivated about 0 to 600 m above the sea level, primarily in tropical regions of Africa, India and Indonesia. Beans are in round shape and color – ranges from light brown (hazel) to sage green. The specified type, which constitutes one fourth world coffee production, is usually considered as less preferred from the flavor point of view. At the same time, robusta contains more caffeine and is also very often used in expresso blends to provide a better foam head and to lower the ingredient cost. The other two cultivated species include: Coffea liberica and coffea esliaca— which do not have any commercial value and are believed to be indigenous to Liberia and southern Sudan respectively.
Coffee presentation:
Orientally, coffee is prepared in conical pot, called cezve. Spices such as cardamom, cinnamon and others are used very often.
Espresso — obtained with the help of special espresso machines (coffee machine), in which, hot water, heated upto 88-91o C, is supplied under pressure through ground coffee.
Glace (From French “glacé” — icy, thickened) — coffee with ice cream.
Coffee filter, American, «Dropper» — Majority of domestic percolators or coffeemakers work on “Gravitational” principle: Hot water drips onto coffee grounds held in a coffee filter.
Cappuccino— Espresso with milk froth (“Hood”).
Latte: unmixed cappuccino, where milk, milk froth and coffee lie in layers. Coffee Latte is served in high beakers.
Mocco – Coffee with chocolate or sometimes oriental coffee;
In German speaking countries, coffee is prepared with vodka, called “Russian coffee” (German “russisher kaffee”).
Question about harm, which the coffee causes, like every question, put in a generalized sense, does not have meaning irrespective of concrete person. However, some facts cannot be doubted.
Regular consumption of coffee can cause addiction. Vegetative vascular system of coffee addicted person gets addicted to additional stimulation and refuses to work without caffeine. Without a compulsory morning cup of coffee, the coffee addicted person becomes depressed, suffers from drowsiness, blood pressure and head aches.
Coffee can cause insomnia.
Strong coffee, like strong tea, should not be taken with an empty stomach. This may lead to gastritis. It is considered that even one or two cups of strong coffee with an empty stomach are sufficient for aggravating the old ulcer of stomach or intestines.
Undoubtedly, teeth of coffee addicts are not white. If you ever come across a coffee addict with white teeth - it is clear that the coffee addict has done dental bleaching recently.
Coffee possesses slight diuretic and laxative effect.
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More Americans are dependent on caffeine these days than ever before. Sleep deprivation, long work hours and job-related stress, recent mortgage and market problems, all put additional pressure on the nation making it consume coffee and caffeine in skyrocket doses.
Recent survey showed that 
