| The human anatomy is a science about the origin and development of the organs and structure of the human body. Human anatomy studies the external appearance and proportions of the human body and its parts, individual organs, their formation and microscopic structure.
Normal, or systematic human anatomy studies the structure of "normal", i.e. healthy human bodies whereas systematic anatomy , i.e the division of the organ systems, and then into organs, sections of organs and tissues.
Pathological anatomy studies the organs and tissues, which are affected by diseases.
Topographical (surgical) anatomy studies the structure of the body according to the position of organs and their mutual relationship with each other and with the skeleton.
Normal (systemic) human anatomy includes the following special sciences:
* Osteology Study of bones;
* Arthrology Study of joints;
* Myology Study of muscles and muscle tissues;
* Splanchnology Study of viscera and its organs;
* Angiology Study of blood vessels;
* Neurology Study of nervous system.
External structures
Main external structures of the human body, from top to bottom are:
Skin
Head Hair Crown Temple Occiput - Forehead Eyes Ears Nose Mouth Tongue Teeth Lower jaw Face Cheek Chin
Neck Throat Laryngeal prominence Shoulders
Arm Elbow Wrist Hand Fingers Thumb
Vertebral column Chest Mammary gland Thoracic cage
Stomach Umbilicus Genitals Perineum
Pelvis Buttocks - coccyx Shin Hip Calf Knee Heel Ankle Foot Fingers
Parts of brain:
* Telencephalon (end brain);
o Cerebral hemisphere
* Thalamencephalon (between brain);
o Thalamic region;
o Hypothalamus
* Brain stem
* Mesencephalon (middle brain);
* Metencephalon (Hind brain);
o Pons;
o Cerebellum (little brain);
* Medulla oblongata |
With the recent health care advances, more and more people receive complex organ transplants which were not possible years ago. The trend even got into Hollywood: the recent movie "The Eye" (2008) shows the main heroine undergoing a cornea transplant which gives her strange visions. The 2003 Oscar-winning movie "21 Gram" shows a person who receives a heart transplant, and how it changes his life.
