| Baseball (from "base" - basis, foundation and "ball") is a sport
team game with a ball and a bat. Two teams of 9 players (sometimes 10)
each take part in the competition.
Baseball was founded in USA in the beginning of 19th century. It is
believed that the game is based on an English game "Rounders". First
official game was held in New York in 1820. In 1845 first professional
club was established. The game is wide-spread in USA, Canada, Mexico,
Latin America and Caribbean, Australia, Japan, Korea and other
countries. At the present moment more than 120 countries from the
world are playing base ball.
Base ball is mostly famous in USA, Cuba, Japan, China and Korea.
In USA, Japan, Czech and other countries soft ball is also wide-spread
- a simplified version of baseball - a game which can be held in a
premises and small grounds.
Terminology:
*Out - Situation (umpire's decision), signifying, that the player
batsman for the particular period (innings) is out of the game.
*Hit - Shot, during which the batsman reaches first, second or third
base. If this successful running is preceded by a fielder's player
mistake (inaccurate serving to the base loosing the ball at the
catching position) - then it is noted as an Error for the fielders.
*Run - Points, gained by the batsman.
*Pitcher - fielding team player, serving the ball.
*Catcher - Player behind the Home Plate catching the ball served by
the pitcher.
*Short-Stop - Player between 2nd and 3rd base.
*Double Play - Draw, during the process of which fielding team gained
two outs. For example, in a situation, when player of the batting team
lies in 1st base, batsman hit the ball so that fielders caught it at
2nd base, and then at 1st base, until the runner and batsman could
reach the bases, gaining in such a way two outs.
*Home Run - Strike during which the ball flies all over the field and
goes out of the field.
*Inside-the-park home run - Strike during which the ball does not
leave the playground territory, but the batsman could make a run to
all bases and return to the Home Plate, gaining points.
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