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| | Camera device (photographic device or photo camera) is a device that converts light stream from real object into recording (storing) for comfortable view and which stores still pictures from real life picture.
Transformation of light stream
Light stream from real subject is limited by lens’s view angle; focused in focal plane as required by the photographer’s point of view; gaged according to intensity (aperture) and time of effect; balanced according to color and etc.
Recording (storing) of light stream
Detection (finding) and storing of pictures in analogous cameras are carried out by light-sensitive material (photo film, photo plate and etc). Detection (finding) pictures in digital camera is done by matrix, and the storing is carried out in buffer and external flash-memory of digital cameras.
Mechanism of photo camera
Modern photo cameras consist of: light-tight housing; optical system with focus systems: stabilization, stopping-down; viewfinder; matrices, which, in turn, can have system of focusing and stabilization, or set-up mechanism and photo-film feeding; shutter; expositional meter and expositional pair devices (exposition and diaphragm) devices; microprocessors; automation; electronics; LCD; memory card; flash-light; battery and etc.
Light-tight housing serves for fixing camera mechanism and avoiding unauthorized light-striking of light sensitive material or matrices.
Optical system projects real image of photographed pictured on focal plane, where light-sensitive film or matrix.
In optical system of all digital cameras for reception of more contrast pictures an infra-red filter is established behind an objective (before a matrix) which closes the matrix from an infra-red part of a spectrum.
On LCD and optical view-finders borders of a shot and a place for shooting is selected.
The optical view-finder shows that frame borders is inaccurate. Usually in the documentation to the camera, the parity of a visible and real frame is indicated.
The mechanical photographic shutter doses out light falling on a photosensitive layer of a film (for film devices) or a photosensitive matrix (for mirror digital devices).
Non-mirror digital chambers use a mechanical photographic shutter for prevention of light falling on sensor after the termination of endurance time so that there is no halation, blurring or smearing.
The mechanical shutter has an electric drive and is driven by the processor. The basic characteristic of a mechanical shutter is the minimum endurance which it can provide. The shutter works for simple digital cameras in a range from 5-15 seconds to about 1/500 second. Endurance is less than about 1/500 second and is always fulfilled by an electronic equivalent of the shutter - (up to 1/4000 second and less).
Digital video cameras and some (because of the price) special digital cameras have no mechanical shutter in which digital cameras without a mechanical shutter for providing high speed capturing of the image (with a CCD-matrix with frame transfer of charging) are used. In this case, in the camera there is the second shaded «a storing matrix» («Storage array») where the image, after the termination of exposition time, is located.
Irrespective of availability or non-availability of the mechanical shutter, all digital cameras are equipped with an electronic equivalent of a shutter which is built into a sensor.
The electronic shutter is a switch which includes a sensor for reception of a light stream and switches off it at the command of the processor. The processor strobes an electronic shutter. |
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