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| | Ammo cartridge (Unitary cartridge) is the ammunition of rifle weapon and small size guns (up to 75 mm), loaded at a time (Latin - unitas - meaning unity). Unitary ammo cartridge can be artillery shot or cartridge containing projectile (bullet, case shot or non-integral charge), powder charge, igniting element (capsule igniter) and sometimes and some times additional elements, which are connected in to one using bush sleeve. Artillery ammo cartridge is artillery shot of 20-75 mm size. Same shot above 75 mm is called artillery shot of unitary load.
Unitary ammo cartridges are exclusively used in modern loading firearms.
Artillery shot also can be unitary.
Classification of ammo cartridges
As per the purpose, ammo cartridges are classified to combat, hunting, sports, for service weapons, gas, traumatic idle, cartridges for gunpowder tool etc.
As per the weapon being used are classified to rifle, intermediate, pistol, traumatic, ammo cartridges for gunpowder tool etc.
Standard designation of modern ammunition used in rifle weapon consists of two numbers, first of which designates the distance between opposite fields of barrel cuts (size of the weapon) in mm, second two length of bush sleeve in mm, for example 7.62х63 mm. Such designation reflects that modern loading weapon is manufactured for specific ammo cartridge not other way.
Combat ammo cartridges
Basic group of ammo cartridges- Meant for defeating the live force and slightly armored technology while firing from rifles, machine guns, pistols, submachine guns and other weapons.
Basically these are ammo cartridges of central battle, i.e they have capsule-igniter as independent unit located in center of bush-sleeve face. Bullets of different action (common, Armour-piercer, igniting etc.) are used in combat ammo cartridges, but all they have casing made of hard metal and usually hard-core.
Riffle ammo cartridges
So called riffle ammo cartridges with sizes 7.62ื53R, 12.7ื108 generally used for firing from machine guns. Special sniper ammo cartridges having high accuracy with sizes 7.62ื53R are used for firing from sniper riffles. Sniper ammo cartridges with sizes 9.3 and 12.7 mm have come in to action in 1990s. All riffle ammo cartridges have high capacity and defeating ability at big distances hundreds of meters and above kilometer (for special ammunitions 12.7 mm and .338 Lapua Magnum).
Pistol ammo cartridges are used in closer fight, efficient firing range is up to 100 meters. In Russia, the most popular ammo cartridge is 9ื18 for Makarov pistol and in West and Europe - 9ื19 Parabellum with different types of bullets (amour-piercer, tracing). ammo cartridge with low energy 9ื17 Kurz (.380 Auto/9mm Browning Kurz) is popular in private security structures.
Machinegun ammo cartridges
Initially riffle ammo cartridges are used in machine guns. Special powerful ammo cartridges with big (generally more than 12 mm) size are used for big size machine guns.
Hunting ammo cartridges
All hunting ammo cartridges are used for firing from long barrel rifle or smooth barrel weapons. Only ammo cartridge .22LR may be used for firing from small size pistols.
ammo cartridges for smooth barrel weapon
Have cylindrical sleeve bush made of brass, paper or plastic, capsule of central fight. Special bullets, fraction or case shots are used as defeating element. Generally these elements are without casing and are manufactured from lead. Some bullets for smooth barrel weapon are capable to stabilize during flight. Fraction and case shots have low efficiency in firing range, normally not more than 50-100 meters.
Idle ammo cartridges do not have defeating element, end of barrel for them is made in curling form (clamped with star) for preventing the pour out of gun powder or in case of necessity of retaining of length for correct operation of submachine gun, bullet is replaced with dimensional dummy made of easily destructible material.
Gas ammo cartridges are used for self-defense while firing from gas pistols or revolvers.
The purpose of gas ammo cartridges is the firing of crystal active material to a distance of up to 3 m.
Gas ammo cartridges are loaded with crystal gunpowder (crystal active material) О-idenmalon-nitril-benzyl-chloride (CS) or acetophenone chloride (CN). Thats why, bottom of the barrel apart from the marking of size designation has manufacturing firm (SM, HS, Geco, Wadie, Sax, RWS), and also active material being used (CS) or (СN).
Traumatic ammo cartridges:
These are the ammo cartridges, in which special lead bullet is used as defeating material, and traumatic generally rubber bullet. Sometimes rubber bullets with steel core are sued for increasing the flight range and increasing the traumatic effect. At present in Russia, there are 2 systems of traumatic ammunition with electric ignition and classical impact ignition. ammo cartridges with electric ignition are used in systems of fire barrel free weapons and have high mass due to steel core. ammo cartridges with classical impact ignition are classified in to single and double bulleted. Bullets are made of rubber ball without core, which has small weight. Action of bullets of different types is different. |
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